Review in 2010 and the included four RCTs

Patanwala AE, Amini R, Hays DP, Rosen P. Antiemetic therapy for nausea and vomiting in the emergency department. J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2010 Sep [cited 2024 Jun 23];39(3):330-336. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20022195/

Cochrane Review in 2015 and the additional four RCTs added to make it eight

Furyk J, Meek R, Egerton-Warburton D. Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2015 Sep 28 [cited 2024 Mar 13];2015(9). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26411330/

Ernst AA, Weiss SJ, Park S, Ho G, Miller P, Takakuwa KM. Prochlorperazine versus promethazine for uncomplicated nausea and vomiting in the emergency department: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Aug;36(2):89-94.

Cham S, Basire M, Kelly AM. Intermediate dose metoclopramide is not more effective than standard dose metoclopramide for patients who present to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting: a pilot study. Emerg Med Australas. 2004 Jun;16(3):208-211.

Braude D, Soliz T, Crandall C, Hendey GW, Andrews J, Borger R. Antiemetics in the ED: a randomized controlled trial comparing 3 common agents. Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Mar;24(2):177-182.

Braude D, Crandall C. Ondansetron versus promethazine to treat acute undifferentiated nausea in the emergency department: a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Acad Emerg Med. 2008 Mar;15(3):209-215.

Chae J, Taylor DM, Frauman AG. Tropisetron versus metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in the emergency department: A randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Emerg Med Australas. 2011 Oct;23(5):554-561.

Patka J, Wu DT, Abraham P, Sobel RM. Randomized Controlled Trial of Ondansetron vs. Prochlorperazine in Adults in the Emergency Department. West J Emerg Med. 2011 Feb;12(1):1-5.

Barrett TW, DiPersio DM, Jenkins CA, Jack M, McCoin NS, Storrow AB, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ondansetron, metoclopramide, and promethazine in adults. Am J Emerg Med. 2011 Mar;29(3):247-255.

Egerton-Warburton D, Meek R, Mee MJ, Braitberg G. Antiemetic use for nausea and vomiting in adult emergency department patients: randomized controlled trial comparing ondansetron, metoclopramide, and placebo. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 Nov;64(5):526-532.e1.

RCTs done after the inclusion window of the Cochrane review

Meek R, Egerton-Warburton D, Mee MJ, Braitberg G. Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Droperidol and Ondansetron for Adult Emergency Department Patients With Nausea. Acad Emerg Med. 2019 Aug;26(8):867-877.

Philpott L, Clemensen E, Lau GT. Droperidol versus ondansetron for nausea treatment within the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas. 2023 Aug;35(4):605-611.

Studies on Aromatherapy an Inhaled Isopropyl Alcohol

Erdogan-Ongel E, Yildiz H, de Montesinos AR, Gunduz Y, Bilge E. Inhalation of Isopropyl Alcohol for the Management of Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review. J Palliat Med [Internet]. 2023 Jan [cited 2024 Jun 23];26(1):1-10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36178929/

Lee S, Tamale J. Isopropyl alcohol inhalation for the treatment of nausea in adult emergency department patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J [Internet]. 2023 Sep [cited 2024 Jun 23];40(9):638-644. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37076258/

Kimber J, Keller JM, Gilkey JM, Wong SJ, Mathew TT, Jang JHW, et al. Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2023 Nov [cited 2024 Jul 13];79(11):1375-1384. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37704796/

Beadle K, Handlin AR, Luthra SL, Aman MJ, Holty CJ. Isopropyl Alcohol Nasal Inhalation for Nausea in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med [Internet]. 2016 Jul [cited 2024 Jun 23];68(1):1-7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26679977/

Candemir H, Akkurt H, Seyfeli E, Ozkurt O, Durgun A. Isopropyl alcohol nasal inhalation for nausea in the triage of an adult emergency department. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2021 Mar [cited 2024 Jun 23];41:252-257. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33373914/

April MD, Oliver JJ, Dziura WT, O'Keefe D, Shah EM, Neufeld PC, et al. Aromatherapy Versus Oral Ondansetron for Antiemetic Therapy Among Adult Emergency Department Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med [Internet]. 2018 Aug [cited 2024 Jun 23];72(2):184-193. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29463461/